(Type "help foc_conventions" for more information about FOC-specific (Type "help funcform" for information on the non-linear functional forms.) (Type "help ncfit" for more information on the non-linear interactive tools.) (VAX <-> Sun only). ----------------------------------------------------------------- -0- -1- -10- -11- -12- -13- -14- -15- -16- -17- -18- -19- -2- -20- -21- -22- -23- -24- -25- -26- -27- -28- -29- -3- -30- -31- -32- -33- -34- -35- -36- -37- -4- -5- -6- -7- -8- -9- 2dfrutti - Reduction Manual for 2DFrutti Data CTIO - VII.A CTIO Calibration Files (appendix) CTIO - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) Fivel-Level Atom Diagnostics Package In all of the scripts, none of the input images are over-written. SPECIAL TASKS FOR MULTI-READOUT CCD IMAGES ST-format (hhh/hhd) file using the iraf task 'strfits'. The tasks SunView - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) absfity - Smooth an FOS sensitivity curve. absfitz - Generate a smooth sensitivity curve. abssenv - Calculate digital absolute sensitivity. absseny - Compute an FOS sensitivity curve. abssenz - Compute the absolute sensitivity ratio. abund - Derive ionic abundances relative to H+ in 3-zone nebula accelerators - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) access - Determine the type or accessibility of a file access - Test if a file exists acoadd - Image coaddition using Lucy Method with optional acceleration. adaptive - Adaptive filter. addet - add the E-terms to a pre IAU 1976 mean place addmasks - Combine several masks or bad pixel lists. addnewkeys - Add new CALFOS keywords to FOS headers. addsets - Add subsets of strings of spectra addstar - Add artificial stars to an image using the computed psf afin - convert a sexagesimal character string to radians (s.p.) aidpars - Automatic line identification parameters and algorithm airmas - compute the airmass at a given zenith distance airmass - Compute the airmass at a given elevation above the horizon allocate - Allocate a device, i.e., magtape drive mta, mtb, ... allocate - I.5 Tutorial #2 Reading and Writing Data to Tape (irafintro) allocate - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) allstar - Group and fit psf to multiple stars simultaneously altaz - compute altazimuth positions, velocities, accelerations amp - convert a geocentric apparent to post IAU 1976 mean place ampqk - convert a geocentric apparent to post IAU 1976 mean place analoglin - Verify the analog linearity of HSP detectors. aop - convert an apparent to observed place aoppa - pre-compute the set of apparent to observed place parameters aoppat - recompute the apparent to observed place sidereal time parameter aopqk - convert an apparent to observed place apall - Extract 1D spectra (all parameters in one task) apbackground - Background subtraction algorithms apdefault - Set the default aperture parameters apdefault - Set the default aperture parameters and apidtable apdemos - Various tutorial demonstrations apedit - Edit apertures interactively apercen - Find the aperture center (location phase I). aperlocy - Analyze a target acquisition image. apershift - Shift the wavelengths for an object not centered in apextract - Aperture Extraction Package apfile - Prepare an aperture corrections file from a text file apfind - Automatically find spectra and define apertures apfit - Fit 2D spectra and output the fit, difference, or ratio apflatten - Remove overall spectral and profile shapes from flat fields apmask - Create and IRAF pixel list mask of the apertures apnoise - Compute and examine noise characteristics of spectra apnormalize - Normalize 2D apertures by 1D functions appendix - Appendices to the Reduction Manuals apphot - Aperture Photometry Package apply_bary - apply the barycenter time corrections to the time-sorted QPOE file approfiles - Profile determination algorithms aprecenter - Recenter apertures apresize - Resize apertures apropos - List all the tasks related with a given subject. apropos - Print help information about a subject apscale - Scale aperture parameters. apscatter - Fit and remove scattered light apscatter - Fit and subtract scattered light apsum - Extract 1D spectra aptest - Run basic tests on the apphot package tasks aptrace - Trace positions of spectra apvariance - Extractions, variance weighting, cleaning, and noise model arbpix - Replace bad pixels in an array arc line files - VII.A CTIO Calibration Files (appendix) arc line id figures - VII.A CTIO Calibration Files (appendix) archive - SAO TDC spectrum archive package [up] aread - Asynchronous read from a binary file areadb - Asynchronous read from a binary file in byte units argus - CTIO ARGUS reduction package arider - Calculate derivatives for a few points in an array arieval - Evaluate the interpolant at a few points in an array artdata - Artificial data generation package [up] asc2fits - convert ASCII list to a FITS file asc2qp - convert ASCII list to a QPOE event file asider - Evaluate derivatives at x asieval - Evaluate the interpolant at x asifit - Fit the interpolant asifree - Free space allocated by asiinit asigeti - Fetch an integer parameter asigrl - Calculate the integral under an array asiinit - Get ready to fit interpolant; set up parameters of interpolant asirestore - Restore interpolant parameters and coefficients asisave - Save interpolant parameters and coefficients asivector - Evaluate interpolant at an array of x astcalc - Astronomical calculator asthedit - Astronomical header editor astradius - Find images within a circle on the sky astrometry - Astrometry package asttimes - Compute UT, Julian day, epoch, and siderial time astutil - Astronomical utilities package [up] at_data - Documentation on the atomic reference data atmdsp - apply atmospheric dispersion terms to refraction coefficients autocorr - Autocorrelate an image. autoidentify - Automatically identify lines and fit dispersion autospec - Fit model components to a list of input spectra av2m - compute a rotation matrix from an axial vector (s.p.) average - Compute the mean and standard deviation of a list avgvel - Evaluate average velocity for one pixel avshift - Averages the shifts measured on the 4 WFPC chips. await - Wait for an asynchronous i/o transfer to complete awaitb - Wait for i/o, and return status in byte units awrite - Asynchronous write to a binary file awriteb - Asynchronous write to a binary file in byte units axispar - Specify axis and scaling parameters (pset for 'sgraph') axispar - Specify scaling attributes (pset for 'sgraph') back - Return to the previous directory (after a chdir) background - Fit and subtract a line or column background background - I.3 A Quick View of IRAF (irafintro) badpiximage - Create a bad pixel mask image (from imred.ccdred V2.10.4) badpiximage - Create a bad pixel mask image from a bad pixel file bal_plot - Plot the current BAL histogram (Einstein IPC data only). bandpar - Calculate photometric parameters of a passband base2dec - Convert a number in a base to base 10 (decimal). basic2d - Performs two dimensional image reduction on STIS data. batchred - Batch processing of IIDS/IRS spectra bbodypars - Pset with parameters for black-body function. bcvcorr - Compute radial velocity correction to solar system barycenter be_ds_rotate - rotate bright Earth and deep survey maps from BKFAC table bear - compute the bearing of a point on a sphere w.r.t. another beep - Send a beep to the terminal bepos - determine the best source position from a rough position list bevington - P.R. Bevington's statistical analysis package bhkmethod - Compute the generalized Kendall's tau correlation coefficient. bias - General bias subtraction tools bibliography - Summary of IRAF documentation bin2iraf - Convert binary files into IRAF images binfil - Create a binary file from an IRAF image binpairs - Bin pairs of (x,y) points in log separation bintxt - Convert a binary file to an IRAF text file bitstat - Make bit statistics of image frames bjdetect - Detect bias jump. bkden - determine the background density of a given region bkfac_make - create background factors table from QPOE file blink - Blink two frames blkavg - Block average or sum a list of N-D images blkrep - Block replicate a list of N-D images blot - Image sampling using interpolation (reverse "drizzling"). bmodel - Build a model image from isophotal analysis data. boxcar - Boxcar smooth a list of 1 or 2-D images boxinterp - Fill areas with smoothed values from surrounding bplot - Batch plot of spectra with SPLOT bplot - Batch plots of spectra bracewell - Create functions and view them with FTs brktime - Convert a long integer time into year, month, day, etc. bscale - Linearly transform the intensities of a list of images bspec - Compute FOS scattered light spectrum using FFTs. bswitch - Beam-switch strings of spectra to make obj-sky pairs btoi - Boolean to integer buckleyjames - Compute linear regression coeffs based on Kaplan-Meier residuals. bugs - description of known IRAF/PROS bugs bugs - Bug reports for installed software bwfilter - 1-D Fourier filtering. bye - Exit a task or package bytecon - Convert between differently byte-ordered files cache - Cache parameter files, or print the current cache list caf2r - convert degrees, arcminutes, and arcseconds to radians calc_bary - calculate the barycenter time corrections calc_factors - add bright Earth & deep survey factors to BKFAC table calcband - Calculate a model passband. calcomp - Plot metacode on a Calcomp pen plotter calcphot - Calculate photometric quantities for spectra and passbands. calcspec - Calculate a model spectrum. caldj - convert a Gregorian calendar date to a modified Julian date cale_fits2qp - convert fits to qpoe for Einstein data calfoc - Pipeline calibration code for FOC data. calfos - Pipeline calibration for FOS. calhrs - Pipeline calibration for HRS. calhsp - Perform pipeline calibration correction of HSP data files. calibrate - Apply extinction and flux calibrations to spectra calibrate - Apply sensitivity correction to spectra calibrate - Extinction and flux calibrate spectra calibration files - VII.A CTIO Calibration Files (appendix) calnica - Pipeline calibration for single NICMOS images. calnicb - Pipeline calibration for NICMOS associations. calpolar - Perform polarimetry processing of calibrated data. calr_fits2qp - convert fits to qpoe for Rosat data calr_qp2fits - convert qpoe to fits for Rosat data calstis - Process STIS images (imaging and spectrum) through the calwfp - Run the WF/PC calibration code on an input image. calwp2 - Routine calibration of HST Wide Field Planetary Camera-II images. calyd - convert a Gregorian calendar date to a Julian calendar year, day carith - Multiply or divide complex images. carrousel - Calibrate HRS carrousel position. cat2exp - create exposure map from constant aspect table cat_make - create constant aspect table from QPOE file catalog - Select and print fields from ADC CD-ROM table catalogs catfits - Print a catalog of a FITS tape or FITS files. catfits - Produce a catalog of FITS files on tape or on disk cathodemap - Compute the granularity of the HRS photocathode. catlim - Specify star catalog limits (pset for 'skymap'). cc2s - convert Cartesian to spherical coordinates (s.p.) cc62s - convert a 6-vector from Cartesian to spherical coordinates ccdgeometry - Discussion of CCD coordinate/geometry keywords ccdgroups - Group CCD images into image lists ccdhedit - CCD image header editor ccdhedit - Mosaic header editor ccdinstrument - Review and edit instrument translation files ccdlist - List CCD processing information ccdlist - List mosaic processing information ccdman - Reduction Manual for CCD Direct Imaging ccdmask - Create bad pixel mask from CCD flat field images ccdproc - Process CCD images ccdproc - Process mosaic exposures ccdred - Generic CCD reductions ccdred - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) ccdtest - CCD test and demonstration package ccdtime - Compute time, magnitude, and signal-to-noise for CCDs ccdtypes - Description of the CCD image types ccfind - Find catalog sources in an image ccmap - Compute image plate solutions using matched coordinate lists ccsetwcs - Create an image celestial wcs from the ccmap plate solution cctoc - Character constant to char cctran - Transform coordinate lists using the ccmap plate solution ccxymatch - Match celestial and pixel coordinate lists cd - Change directory cd2tf - convert an interval in days to hours, minutes, and seconds cellmap - block a qpoe file at detect cell size resolution censor - Information about the censoring indicator in survival analysis. center - Compute accurate centers for a list of objects centerflux - Compute the flux values for the center of a diode array. centerpars - Edit the centering algorithm parameters centerpars - Edit the centering parameters cgausspars - Pset with parameters for constrained Gaussians function. chcalpar - Modify calibration keyword values. chcount -- compare the number of non-white chars in a pair of files chdeposit - Deposit a character in a string with overflow protection chdir - Change directory checkwfpc - Perform consistency checks on a WF/PC reference file. chfetch - Fetch a character from a string chgkeywrd - Change keywords in a header file. chiplot - plot a chi-square table (output of period) chkconfig - Check the configuration file for grammar and syntax errors chpixfile - Change pixel file name in image headers chpixtype - Change the pixel type of a list of images chrlwr - Convert a character to lower case chrupr - Convert a character to upper case ckwwfp2 @ WFPC-2 calibration parameters (pset). cl - Execute commands from the standard input clbye - A cl followed by a bye (used to save file descriptors) clcmd - Send a command to the CL (restricted) cldj - convert a Gregorian calendar date to a modified Julian date clear - Clear the terminal screen clget[bcsilrdx] - Get the value of a CL parameter clgfil - Get a file from a list opened with clpopn[isu] clginterp - Get integer code for interpolator type clglp[bcsilrdx] - Get the next value from a list-structured CL parameter clglstr - Get the next value from a string list-structured CL parameter clgsec - Get and decode an image section clgstr - Get the value of a CL string type parameter clgwrd - Get the first word from a string valued CL parameter clio - Command Language i/o clktime - Get the clock time clman - CL reference manual close - Close a file clpcls - Close a list opened with clpopn[isu] clplen - Number of elements in a list opened with clpopn[isu] clpopni - Open a sorted input filename template clpopns - Open a sorted filename template or namelist clpopnu - Open an unsorted filename template or namelist clprintf - Formatted print to a CL parameter clpstr - Set the value of a string valued CL parameter clput[bcsilrdx] - Set the value of a CL parameter clscan - Scan a CL parameter clseti - Set the value of a CLIO parameter clstati - Get the value of a CLIO parameter cluser - CL User's Guide clyd - convert a Gregorian calendar date a Julian calendar year, day cnvdate - Convert long integer time to date string (short format) cnvtime - Convert long integer time to time string (long format) coadd - Calculate average measurements in specified phase intervals. coefs - Extract mtn reduced ceofficients from henear scans cogetr - Efficent image column access coincor - Correct spectra for detector count rates colbias - Fit and subtract an average column bias colnames - Specify star catalog column names (pset for 'skymap'). colselect - Select column ranges columns - Convert multicolumn file to separate files comap - Map for column access procedure combine - Combine CCD images combine - Combine images using various algorithms & pixel rejection schemes. combine - Combine mosaic exposures commands - A discussion of the syntax of IRAF commands compairmass - Compute airmass comparesets - Compare spectra at different waveplate positions. compass - Draw north and east arrows. comppars - Pset with parameters for composite (bb + powerlaw) function. compression - Image compression package compspec - Create a spectrum from an algebraic expression. concatenate - Concatenate a list of files console - Help page for using the SUN console windows constr_set - Constrain a parameter for all components in the db contents - Contents of the Reduction Manuals continpars - Edit continuum subtraction parameters continuum - Fit and normalize the continuum of multispec spectra continuum - Fit the continuum in spectra contour - Make a contour plot of an image contpars - Set parameters for continuum removal contrib + User-contributed software. controlpars - Pset with algorithm control parameters. convert - Convert ASCII data base format to STSDAS table format. convolve - Convolve a list of 1 or 2-D images with a rectangular filter coords - description of IRAF coordinates used in PROS coords - Compute celestial coordinates copy - Copy a file or files (use IMCOPY for imagefiles) copyftt - Copy a list of FITS tables to a local directory with correct extensions copymask - Copy mask from one format into another. cosmicrays - Detect and replace cosmic rays counmap - Unmap for column access procedure count - Count the number of lines, words, characters in a text file countfiles - Count how many files are in the input file template. countrate - Evaluate the photometric count rate of the HST. counts_plot - Plot the observed and/or predicted counts distributions. countspec - Calculate FOS countrate spectrum from flux spectrum. cover - IRAF cover letter (overview of system) coxhazard - Compute the correlation probability by Cox's proportional cputime - Get the CPU time consumed by the process cr2af - convert radians to degrees, arcminutes, and arcseconds cr2tf - convert radians to hours, minutes, and seconds crashes - I.8 Common Problems: Their Cause and Cure (irafintro) cribsheet - Cribsheet for the Program Interface crosscor - Cross-correlate two images. crossdriz - Builds a set of cross-correlation images (shift + rotation). crrej - Combine images to make a cosmic ray free image. crtpict - Generate greyscale plots of IRAF images cs2c - convert spherical to Cartesian coordinates (s.p.) cs2c6 - convert spherical position/velocity to Cartesian coordinates csccd - Reduction Manual for CSCCD Data ctf2d - convert hours, minutes, and seconds to days ctf2r - convert hours, minutes, and seconds to radians ctio - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) ctioslit - CTIO spectrophotometric reduction package ctocc - Char to character constant ctod - Character to double ctoi - Character to integer ctol - Character to long ctools - General calibration tools. ctor - Character to real ctotok - Character to lexical token ctowrd - Character to whitespace delimited word ctox - Character to complex cureval - Evaluate the fit computed by CURFIT curfit - Fit data with Chebyshev, Legendre or spline curve curfit - IRAF curve fitting package cursors - Graphics and image display cursors cv - Control image device, display "snapshot" cvaccum - Accumulate point into data set cvacpts - Accumulate points into a data set cvcoeff - Get coefficients cvepower - Convert errors to power series equivalents cverrors - Calculate chi-squared and errors in coefficients cveval - Evaluate curve at x cvfit - Fit curve cvfree - Free space allocated by cvinit cvinit - Make ready to fit a curve; set up parameters of fit cvl - Load image display (newer version of 'display') cvpower - Convert coefficients to power series coefficients cvrefit - Refit curve, same x and weight, different y cvreject - Reject point from data set cvrestore - Restore curve parameters and coefficients cvsave - Save curve parameters and coefficients cvset - Input coefficients derived external to the CURFIT package cvsolve - Solve matrix for coefficients cvstati - Get integer parameter cvstatr - Get real parameter cvvector - Evaluate curve at an array of x cvzero - Zero arrays for new fit daf2r - convert degrees, arcminutes, and arcseconds to radians (d.p) dafin - convert a sexagesimal character string to radians (d.p.) daoedit - Review/edit algorithm parameters interactively daofind - Find stars in an image using the DAO algorithm daopars - Edit the daophot algorithms parameter set daophot - Dao Crowded-Field Photometry Package daotest - Run basic tests on the daophot package tasks darkcombine - Combine and process dark count images darkcombine - Combine and process mosaic dark count exposures darkstat - Compute statistics on dark count calibration spectra. darksub - Scale and subtract a dark count image darksum - Produce a report on dark count calibration spectra. darkv - Calculate dark signals of individual observations. darkx - Create a FOC dark count image. dat - compute difference between TAI and UTC in seconds dataio - Data format conversion package (RFITS, etc.) datapars - Edit the data dependent parameters datapars - Edit the image data dependent parameters datarep - convert binary number representations to host computer format dav2m - compute a rotation matrix from an axial vector (d.p) dbcheck - Check format of specfit database files dbcreate - Task for interactively creating specfit database files dbear - compute the bearing of a point on a sphere w.r.t. another (d.p.) dbio - Database i/o dbjin - convert a character string to a Besselian/Julian epoch dbms - Database management package (not yet implemented) dc62s - convert Cartesian position/velocity to spherical coordinates (d.p.) dcc2s - convert Cartesian to spherical coordinates (d.p) dcmpf - convert linear fit coefficients to geometric parameters dcs2c - convert spherical to Cartesian coordinates (d.p) dd2tf - convert interval in days to hours, minutes, and seconds (d.p.) ddiff - Print differences between two directory trees. de2h - convert hour angle and declination to azimuth and elevation (d.p.) deaccum - Unstack ACCUM mode data into separate readouts. deadtimev - Calibrate the deadtime (digital linearity). deadtimey - Compute FOS paired-pulse coefficients. deadtimez - Compute HRS paired pulse coefficients. deallocate - Deallocate a previously allocated device deallocate - I.5 Tutorial #2 Reading and Writing Data to Tape (irafintro) deboor - C.DeBoor's spline package dec2base - Convert a base 10 (decimal) number to another base. declarations - Parameter/variable declarations declination, and velocity) into a set of two-dimensional images decom - decommutate raw telemetry data default files - VII.A CTIO Calibration Files (appendix) defpac - Test if a package is defined defpar - Test if a parameter is defined deftask - Test if a task is defined delaytime - Calculate light time difference from observer to solar system delete - Delete a file delete - Delete a file or files (use IMDELETE to delete imagefiles) dematch - Match a list of density values to exposure values demos - Demonstration and test playbacks demos - Demonstrations and tests deredden - Apply interstellar extinction correction deredden - Apply interstellar extinction corrections describe - Display a description of the named task(s) or package(s). destreak - Destreak He 10830 grams. destreak5 - First pass processing CL script for 10830 grams. detab - Replace tabs with tabs and blanks detect - prototype tasks to detect Sources detmkreg - make a region file in logical coords from detect tables deuler - convert Euler angles to a rotation matrix (d.p.) devices - Print information on the locally available devices devpar - Specify device parameters (pset for 'sgraph') devstatus - Print the status of a device (mta, mtb, ...) dezoomx - Dezoom an image, doubling line length in one dimension. dfits - Diplay FITS file headers dfltin - convert a character string to a floating point number (d.p.) dh2e - convert azimuth and elevation to hour angle and declination (d.p.) diagcols - Pset for zone temperature & density column names dicoplot - Make dicomed plots of carrington maps. digiphot - Digital stellar photometry package [up] dimxv - apply a 3D reverse rotation to a 3-vector (d.p.) diodemap - Compute the diode response non-uniformities. directory - List the files in a directory diropen - Open a directory as a text file disconlab - Display image and overlay contours and coordinates. diskspace - Show how much diskspace is available dispcor - Dispersion correct and resample spectra dispcor - Dispersion correct spectra dispcor - Dispersion correct spectra dispcor - Dispersion correct spectra dispcor - Dispersion correct spectra dispfity - Compute FOS wavelength dispersion coefficients. display - Load an image or image section into the display display - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) displaying - I.7 Tutorial #5 Displaying Images (irafintro) disptrans - Transform dispersion units and apply air correction distortion correction - II.3.6 Mapping the distortions (2dfrutti) distortion correction - II.3.6 Transforming images (2dfrutti) dither - Dithered image combination. djcal - convert an MJD to a Gregorian calendar date djcl - convert an MJD to a Gregorian year, month, and day dm2av - convert a rotation matrix to an axial vector (d.p) dmat - solve a set of simultaneous equations (d.p.) dmoon - compute approximate geocentric position/velocity of moon (d.p.) dmxm - compute the product of two 3X3 matrices (d.p.) dmxv - multiple a 3-vector by a rotation matrix (d.p.) do3fiber - Process KPNO coude three fiber spectra doargus - Process ARGUS spectra doecslit - Process Echelle slit spectra dofibers - Process fiber spectra dofitplot - Do fit and then counts_plot dofoe - Process Fiber Optic Echelle (FOE) spectra dohydra - Process HYDRA spectra dopcor - Apply doppler corrections dopcor - Doppler correct spectra dopoff - Calculate on-board Doppler compensation for specalign. doslit - Process CTIO slit spectra doslit - Process KPNO coude slit spectra doslit - Process slit spectra dparam - Dump a pset as a series of task.param=value assignments dqenormx - Normalize a detective efficiency file to unity. dr2af - convert radians to degrees, arcminutes, and arcseconds (d.p) dr2tf - convert radians to hours, minutes, and seconds (d.p.) drange - normalize an angle to the range -pi <= angle <= pi (d.p.) dranrm - normalize an angle to the range 0 <= angle <= 2pi (d.p.) drep2cal - task to install spectral & spatial calibration files drizzle - Perform linear image reconstruction using "drizzling". ds2c6 - convert spherical position/velocity to Cartesian coordinates (d.p.) ds2tp - project spherical coordinates onto the tangent plane (d.p) dsep - compute the angle between two points on a sphere (d.p.) dsimg - Save the image display buffer to an image. dt - estimate the approximate difference between ET and UT in seconds dtf2d - convert hours, minutes, and seconds to days (d.p) dtf2r - convert hours, minutes, and seconds to radians (d.p.) dtoc - Double to character dtoi - Density to Intensity reductions for photographic plates dtp2s - convert tangent plane to spherical coordinates (d.p.) dtp2v - convert tangent plane coordinates to direction cosines (d.p.) dtps2c - compute the spherical coordinates of the tangent point (d.p.) dtpv2c - compute the direction cosines of the tangent point (d.p.) dtt - compute the difference between TT and UTC in seconds dunlearn - Resets all task parameters to default values. dv2tp - convert direction cosines to tangent plane coordinates (d.p) dvdv - compute the scalar product of 2 3-vectors (d.p.) dvn - normalize a 3-vector and compute the modulus (d.p.) dvpar - Specify device parameters (pset). dvxv - compute the vector product of 2 3-vectors (d.p.) e2h - convert hour angle and declination to azimuth and elevation (d.p.) earth - compute approximate heliocentric position/velocity of earth ecd2pros - copy/convert FITS files from Einstein CD-ROM archive ecdel - Delete an entire class of FITS extensions from a FITS file. ecdinfo - get information about a specific Einstein dataset ecextract - Select all extensions of one selected 'type' from a FITS file echelle - Echelle spectral reductions (slit and FOE) echplot - Generate and plot IGI scripts for extracted spectral orders. echscript - Generate an IGI script for selected extracted spectral orders. echspec - Reduction Manual for Echelle Data ecidentify - Identify features in spectrum for dispersion solution ecleq - convert from ecliptic to equatorial FK5 coordinates ecmat - compute the equatorial FK5 to ecliptic coordinates rotation matrix ecor - compute rv of earth and time correction to sun in given direction ecreidentify - Automatically identify features in spectra edge - 2-D image edge massaging. edit - Edit a text file editor - Help page for use of the VI editor efits2qp - task to convert Einstein FITS files to PROS QPOE format eg50 - convert equatorial FK4 to IAU 1958 galactic coordinates eheader - Interactively edit an image header. ehistory - Edit history file to re-execute commands ehistory - VII.G Using the EHISTORY and EPARAM commands (appendix) eincdpar - eincdrom package parameter pset eincdrom - tasks to access data from Einstein CDROMs eindatademo - demonstration of Einstein IPC unscreened data eintools - tools for creating Einstein exposure and background maps elapert - Create polygon files for use in APPHOT polygonal photometry. ellipse - Fit elliptical isophotes. emacs - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) emmethod - Compute linear regression coeff for a normal distribution of emsao - Find redshifts using emission lines emulator - VII.D Using a PC at CTIO (appendix) encounts - Compute encircled energy (counts) for star images. eng2tab - Extract various information from SHP, UDL, etc. engextr - Extract info. from WF/PC engineering data (.X0H and .X0D) files. entab - Replace blanks with tabs and blanks envget - Get the string value of an environment variable envget[bis] - Get a boolean, integer, or string valued environment variable environment - I.3 A Quick View of IRAF (irafintro) eparam - Edit parameters of a task eparam - I.3 A Quick View of IRAF (irafintro) eparam - VII.G Using the EHISTORY and EPARAM commands (appendix) epb - convert an MJD to a Besselian epoch epb2d - convert a Besselian epoch to an MJD epco - convert a Besselian/Julian epoch to match a given epoch epix - Edit pixels in an image epj - convert an MJD to a Julian epoch epj2d - convert a Julian epoch to an MJD epoch - Convert between different time formats. eprintf - Formatted print to STDERR eqecl - convert equatorial FK5 to ecliptic coordinates eqeqx - compute the equation of the equinoxes eqgal - convert equatorial FK5 to IAU 1958 galactic coordinates eqwidths - Compute equivalent widths eqxy - Get (x,y) from a table of (ra,dec) given the pltsol coeff. erase - Erase an image frame erract - Take an error action for a previously posted error errcode - Get the error code of the posted error errcreate - Calculate the PROS error array(square of errors) from an image error - Post an error and take an error action error - Print error code and message and abort errorpars - Pset with error-related parameters. errors - I.8 Common Problems: Their Cause and Cure (irafintro) etc - Miscellaneous system procedures etrms - compute the E-terms vector euler - convert Euler angles to a rotation matrix (s.p.) euv package - last revised 10/21/97 euvred - EUV data reduction tasks euvspec - EUV instrument modeling tasks euvtools - EUV reduced data and utility tasks evalfit - Compute the standard indices by evaluating the fit evalvg - Compute the earth-sun-target & sun-earth-sat angles from ephemeris data evalxy - Evaluate the fit computed by 'fitxy'. evp - compute the barycentric/heliocentric velocity/position of earth exabyte - I.8 Common Problems: Their Cause and Cure (irafintro) exabyte - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) examples - Print online examples of how to use the named task(s). exp_make - script to create exposure map from QPOE file explain_detect - describes tasks and algorithms used in the detect package explain_errors - description of PROS error computations for low explain_screen - description of PROS support for temporal screening explain_xdata - description of new RDF file formats export - Convert IRAF images to some other format exposure - description of PROS exposure correction support express - Evaluate/validate all constraint expressions in a db extdel - Delete single extensions from a FITS file. extensions - description of conventions for PROS file extensions extgst - Extract selected columns stars from a list of tables. extinct - Use BSWITCH for extinction correction extinction - Apply atmospheric extinction corrections to images (obsolete) extinction files - VII.A CTIO Calibration Files (appendix) extras - Information about the extra information in 3D images extrema - Find extrema in x and y data points exuse - Help page for using the Exabyte Drives fabry - Fabry-Perot package fabry - Notes on the Fabry-Perot reduction package factor - Display prime factors of a number. falloc - Preallocate (uninitialized) storage for a file faradius - Compute average radius of autocorrelation of star images. fblot - Blot out focus images of a star. fconvolve - Convolve two images. fcopy - Copy a file fdevbf - Install a new binary device in the FIO device table fdevtx - Install a new text device in the FIO device table fextract - Extract regions around stars in a focus image. fflincorr - Correct an FOC image for flat-field saturation. fft - compute fast fourier transform on table or qpoe data fft1d - One dimensional FFT fftplot - plot a fft table (output of fft) fgauss - Fit a Gaussian to output from 'fsquares' to find focus. fhyper - Fit a hyperbola to output from 'faradius' or 'fradius' to fid -- query ID database for specific files fieldplot - Graph vector field. fields - Extract specified fields from a list file_compare - comparison of new/RDF formats to OLD formats in PROS filecalc - File calculator files - Expand a file template into a list of files files - I.6 Tutorial #3 Handling Images (irafintro) fill - Baade-Lucy background "filling" algorithm. filter - description of filtering options in PROS filterpars - Pset for setting filter parameters used in the wiener task. filterphot - Transform flux measurement to standard photometric system. filtpars - Edit the filter function parameters findfiles - Find files recusively through directories findgain - Estimate the gain and readnoise of a CCD findpars - Edit the star detection parameters findsky - Determine the sky levels in a cube findthresh - Estimate a CCD's sky noise from the gain and readnoise finfo - Get directory information for a file fio - File i/o fit - Find best-fit model values using a simplex minimization. fit1d - Fit a function to image lines or columns fitband - Fit a passband model to data using Amoeba simplex method. fitcoords - Fit user coordinates to image coordinates fitgrid - Fit a spectrum model to a grid of spectral data. fitoffsety - Correct dispersion coeff. for wavelength offsets. fitparams - Compute the parameters of the transformation equations fitpars - Pset for specifying the fit algorithm, convergence criteria, etc. fitprofs - Fit gaussian profiles fitpsf - Model the stellar psf with an analytic function fitrad - Fit a function to circular image subrasters fitring - Perform least squares fit to ring data fits2bin - task to install spectral calibration files from fits fits2ephem - task to install scc_to_utc & jdleap calibration files fits2qp - convert from FITS TABLE format to PROS QPOE format fits2snr - task to install xdemo files fits2tape - Copy FITS file from disk <--> tape and tape to tape. fits_exampl - Detailed examples of `fitsio' tasks fitscopy - Copy FITS files: disk <--> tape and disk <--> disk fitsky - Compute sky values in a list of annular or circular regions fitskypars - Edit the sky fitting algorithm parameters fitskypars - Edit the sky fitting parameters fitslogr - Make a log of certain header parameters from a FITS tape. fitspec - Fit a spectrum model to data using Amoeba simplex method. fitsread - Read compressed FITS file fitswrite - Write compressed FITS file fitting - Curve fitting tools. fitxy - Compute four-parameter linear fit to X,Y vs V2,V3. fitxy - fit a linear model to 2 sets of [x,y] coordinates fixdiodes - Fix spectra affected by dead or noisy diodes. fixnoisex - Create a fixed-pattern noise image. fixpix - Fix bad pixels by linear interpolation from nearby pixels fixsaoreg - Convert an SAOIMAGE region file to PROS physical coords fixtail - Fix last image lines or columns fk425 - convert equatorial FK4 to FK5 coordinates fk45z - convert equatorial FK4 to FK5 coordinates excluding proper motion fk524 - convert equatorial FK5 to FK4 coordinates fk54z - convert equatorial FK5 to FK4 coordinates excluding proper motion flagflat - Flag WF/PC flat field pixels which are abnormally high or low flall - Do all steps to make a flat field (UNI file). flat1d - Make flat field by fitting a 1D func. to the lines or columns flatcombine - Combine and process flat field images flatcombine - Combine and process mosaic flat field exposures flatdiv - Divide spectra by flat field flatfield - Compute flat field response. flatfields - Discussion of CCD flat field calibrations flatfit - Sum and normalize flat field spectra flatten - Flatten images using a flat field flborder - Replace border by extrapolating from nearest pixel. flcorner - Replace corner of f/48 internal flat with external flat. fldplot - plot a fld table (output of fold) flex - Calibrate HSP optical bench flexure as functions flmakev - Make a mask table from a mask image for use by 'flvmask'. flnorm - Normalize a flat field by dividing by average of middle region. flotin - convert a character string to a floating point number flprcache - Flush the process cache flush - Flush any buffered output to a file flux standard stars - VII.A CTIO Calibration Files (appendix) fluxcalib - Apply flux calibration to images (obsolete) fluxcols - Pset for line flux column names flvmask - Apply a mask table to interpolate along vertical lines. fmedian - Quantize and box median filter a list of 1D or 2D images fmode - Quantize and box modal filter a list of 1D or 2D images fmtio - Formatted i/o fnextn - Extract the extension field of a filename fnldir - Extract the logical directory field of a filename fnroot - Extract the root field of a filename fntcls - Close unbuffered list fntclsb - Close buffered list fntgfn - Get next filename from unbuffered list fntgfnb - Get next filename from buffered list fntlenb - Get number of filenames in a buffered list fntopn - Open an unbuffered filename list fntopnb - Expand template and open a buffered filename list fntrewb - Rewind the list foc - Tasks for calibrating FOC data. focas - Faint object classification and analysis package foccs - FOC calibration software package. focgeom - FOC geometry package. focphot - FOC photometry package. focprism - FOC prism package. focus - Compute telescope focus focusv - Determine electronic focus calibration. focusz - Estimate HRS detector focus. focutility - FOC utility package, including 'calfoc'. fold - fold time data on a period and compute statistics fopnbf - Open a binary file on a special device fopntx - Open a text file on a special device for * C-style for loop construct formatdepx - Create a format-dependent nonuniformity image. forward - Compute forward Fourier transform of an image. fos - Tasks for calibrating FOS data. fourier - Fourier analysis. fowner - Get the name of the owner of a file fparse - Parse file specifications and leave results in parameters. fpathname - Get the full pathname of a file fprintf - Formatted print to any file fpspec - Plot pixel value for a list of images fquot - Find redshifts and velocity dispersions fquot -- Redshift and velocity dispersion using the Fourier Quotient technique fradius - Compute average radius of star images. frame - Select the frame to be displayed frmedian - Quantize and ring median filter a list of 1D or 2D images frmode - Quantize and ring modal filter a list of 1D or 2D images frompolar - Convert amplitude & phase to real & imaginary parts. frozen - I.8 Common Problems: Their Cause and Cure (irafintro) fscan - Scan a file fseti - Set an integer FIO parameter fsquares - Compute sum-of-squares sharpness criterion. fstati - Get the value of an integer FIO parameter fstatl - Get the value of a long integer FIO parameter fstats - Get the value of a string valued FIO parameter ftp - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) ftplot - View 4-way data and FTs. ftpplot - plot a ftp table (output of fft) function - Generate functions as images, tables or lists. fwplot - Plot calibrated flux versus wavelength. fxcor - Radial velocities via Fourier cross correlation gainfac - Calculate analog gain factors. galactic - Convert ra, dec to galactic coordinates galeq - convert IAU 1958 galactic to equatorial FK5 coordinates gallist - Make an artificial galaxies list galprofpars - Pset with parameters for galaxy profile function. galsup - convert IAU 1958 galactic to deVaucouleurs supergalactic coordinates games - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) garg[bcsilrdx] - Get scan argument gargrad - Get scan argument in any numerical radix gargstr - Get scan argument of type string gargtok - Get scan argument of type token gargwrd - Get scan argument of type word gasp - Access the HST Guide Star Catalog on CD-ROM. gauss - Convolve a list of 1 or 2-D images with an elliptical Gaussian gaussfit - Least squares and robust estimation program. gausspars - Pset with parameters for Gaussians function. gcombine - Combine a set of GEIS images into one image gcopy - Generic multi-group copy utility. gctod - General character to double gctol - General character to long (any radix) gdevices - List available imaging or other graphics devices ge50 - convert IAU 1958 galactic to equatorial FK4 coordinates geis - Provide background information about GEIS format files generic - Generic image reductions tools generic - Preprocess a generic source file genwave - Interactively generate a wavelength set. geoc - convert geodetic to geocentric position geomap - Compute geometric transforms using matched coordinate lists geompar @ Set geometry-related parameters (pset). geotran - Transform 1-D or 2-D images using various mappinng transforms geoxytran - Transform coordinate lists using the geomap transforms get_global - Extract the value of a parameter for all components in a db getc - Get the next character from a file getcal - Populate a pset with calibration parameter values. getdatatype - Convert type suffix character to TY_ type code getimage - get an image from the CD-ROM all sky survey getline - Get the next line from a text file getpix - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) getsqib - Extract the squibby brightness image from a full disk scan. getuid - Get the name of the runtime user of a program gfit1d - Interactive 1-d linear curve fit to images, tables or lists. gflush - Flush any buffered graphics output gftoxdim - Convert a GEIS file to one with xtra dimension plus a table gftoxdim - Convert a GEIS file to one with xtra dimension plus a table. gimpcor - Show magnitude of the calfos gimp correction. gio - Graphics i/o gki2cad - Convert GKI metacode files into autoCAD DXF files gkidecode - Decode metacode on the standard output gkidir - Directory listing of metacode file gkiextract - Extract individual frames from metacode file gkimosaic - Condense metacode frames to fit on one page gltoc - General long to character (any radix) gmst - convert from UT1 to GMST gmsta - convert from UT1 to GMST while minimizing rounding errors gradient - Convolve a list of 1 or 2-D images with a gradient operator grafcheck - Check an instrument graph table for bad rows. graflist - List the components downstream from a given component. grafpath - Print keywords and component names for a path through grafplot - Plot the components downstream from a given component. graph - Graph one or more image sections or lists gratings - Compute and print grating parameters gregister - Register 1-D or 2-D images using the geomap transforms grid_plot - Plot the chisquared grid with contour lines. gripes - Send suggestions, complaints, etc. to the system grlist - Parse a group format image section. group - Group stars based on positional overlap and signal/noise groupmod - Add/delete group parameters from multigroup data. groupmod - Add/delete group parameters from multigroup data. growthcurve - Correct magnitudes using the growth curve for them grplot - Overplot several images from a group format file. grpselect - Select groups of a specified size from a daophot database grspec - Interactively plot several images from a group format file. grspec - Make stacked plots of multigroup images. gsaccum - Accumulate point into data set gsacpts - Accumulate points into a data set gsadd - Add two surfaces gscoeff - Get coefficients gscopy - Copy one surface to another gsder - Evaluate the derivatives of a surface gserrors - Calculate chi-square and errors in coefficients gseval - Evaluate surface at x and y gsfit - Fit surface gsfree - Free space allocated by gsinit gsinit - Make ready to fit a surface; set up parameters of fit gsrefit - Refit surface, same x, y and weight, different z gsreject - Reject point from data set gsrestore - Restore surface parameters and coefficients gssave - Save surface parameters and coefficients gssolve - Solve matrix for coefficients gsstati - Get integer parameter gsstatr - Get real parameter gssub - Subtract one surface from another gstatistics - Compute and print image pixel statistics for all groups. gstrcat - String concatenation returning length of output string gstrcpy - String copy returning length of output string gstrdetab - Remove tabs from a string gstrentab - Put tabs in a string where possible gstrsettab - Set tab stops for gstrdetab, entab. gsurfit - IRAF general surface fitting package gsvector - Evaluate surface at an array of x and y gszero - Zero arrays for new fit gtedit - Graphically edit a table. gtools - Graphics tools gtpar - Pset to specify graph parameters for 'gtedit' task. guide - Introductory guide to using the CCDRED package h2e - convert azimuth and elevation to hour angle and declination (s.p.) hafton - Generate half-tone plots of an image hangs - I.8 Common Problems: Their Cause and Cure (irafintro) hcheck - Check image header keywords. hdbexamine - Examine a help database hdfit - Fit a curve to density, log exposure values hdiff - Display the differences between two image headers. hdshift - Align related HD curves hdtoi - Apply DTOI transformation to density image head - Print the first few lines of a text file hedit - Header editor helio - Compute heliocentric Julian date help - I.4 Tutorial #1 IRAF Structure (irafintro) help - I.6 Tutorial #3 Handling Images (irafintro) help - Print online documentation help config - Print description of the configuration file format help pcintro - Print a short introduction to the photcal package hfilter - Adaptive low-pass filter based on H-transform. hfix - Fix image headers with a user specified command hidetask - Make a task invisible to the user histed - Help page for the history and ehistory commands histogram - Plot or list the histogram of a table column, image, or list. history - Display commands previously executed hkfilter - generate a QPOE time filter from an input housekeeping filter hltorgb - Transform brightness and hue to red, green, and blue. however, you must delete any images before re-running the task with hrs - Tasks for calibrating HRS data. hselect - Select a subset of images satisfying a boolean expression hsp - Tasks for calibrating HSP data. hstephem - Convert ST orbit ephemeris file to an STSDAS table. hstpos - Plot the position of HST on a map of the world hsubtract - Baade-Lucy background subtraction algorithm. hxflux - Calculates the flux and luminosity for a ROSAT HRI source. hydra - KPNO HYDRA (and NESSIE) reduction package i2gaussfit - Iterative 2-d Gaussian fit to noisy images (script). icfit - Interactive curve fitting package icntr - Create center coordinate file identify - Identify arc lines and determine a dispersion function identify - Identify features identify - Identify features in spectrum for dispersion solution ieee - IEEE signal processing routines igi - Interactive Graphics Interpreter. igi - Interactively plot data from tables, lists, or images. iid -- interactive query of ID database iids - KPNO IIDS spectral reductions iis - IIS image display control package illumination - Determine illumination calibration ils - Iterative Least Squares image restoration. im2gki - Send an image to a IRAF GIO graphics device. im3dtran - Transpose a list of 3-D images images - General image processing package images - I.6 Tutorial #3 Handling Images (irafintro) imagfe - Register using common features of image data. imagree - Change header keywords to agree with the image name. imalign - Align and register 2-D images using a reference pixel list imarith - Simple image arithmetic imcalc - IRAF image calculator imcalc - Perform general arithmetic operations on images. imcctran - Transform image header from one celestial wcs to another imcentroid - Compute and print relative shifts for a list of 2-D images imcntr - Locate the center of a stellar image imcnts - count photons (with bkgd subtraction) in regions imcombine - Combine images pixel-by-pixel using various algorithms imcompress - Compress IRAF image pixel file imcompress - Compress an IRAF image by pixel summation imcontour - display a contour map of an image using wcs imconv -- Convolve an image with a point spread function imcoords - Image coordinates package imcopy - Copy an image imcreate - Create an image imcreate - Create an image from a binary file or a constant value imdelete - Delete a list of images imdetect - determine rough positions of sources in the field imdisp - display pixel values in regions imdisp_pos - Determine image location in image display. imdivide - Image division with zero checking and rescaling imdkern - Image display device (IMD) graphics kernel imedit - Examine and edit pixels in images imedit - VII.H Using IMEDIT to Fix Pixels (appendix) imexamine - Examine images using image display, graphics, and text imexamine - I.7 Tutorial #5 Displaying Images (irafintro) imexpr - Evaluate a general image expression imexpr - Image Expressions in the CL imextensions - Make a list of image extensions imextract - Extract a list of image sections from an image imextreme - Locates the maximum and minimum pixels in an image. imfill - Set fill value in image according to a mask. imfilter - Image filtering package imfit - Image fitting package imfunction - Apply a single argument function to a list of images imgeom - Image geometric transformation package imgets - Return the value of an image header parameter as a string imgscale - Calibrate aperture plate scale (location phase II). imheader - Print an image header imhistogram - Compute and plot or print an image histogram iminfo - Print an instrument-specific header for a list of GEIS images iminsert - Insert an image into another by either adding, iminterp - IRAF image interpolation package imio - Image i/o (bulk data arrays) imio - Introduction to IRAF Image I/O imjoin - Join images along a given dimension imkeyname - Rename an image using a name from a header keyword. imlintran - Linearly transform a list of 2-D images immake -- Generate an image of Gaussian type immatch - Image matching and combining package immatch - Match one or two dimensional images immean - Compute mean of an image and save value as task parameter. immodel - create a model array from a source list imnode - Remove node information from a IRAF image pixfile pathname implot - I.7 Tutorial #4 Implot Task (irafintro) implot - Plot lines and columns of images using cursors import - Convert some other format to an IRAF image improj - perform rectangular projections on an image improject - Project image along one axis decreasing the imred - Image reductions package [up] imrename - Rename one or more images imreplace - Replace a range of pixel values with a constant imreplicate - Expand an IRAF image by pixel replication imscale - Scale an image to a specified (windowed) mean imshift - Shift a list of 1-D or 2-D images imslice - Slice images into images of lower dimension imsmooth - smooth an image imsort - Sort images by header parameter values imspace - Determine disk space used by IRAF images imspec - Convert an image to a synphot spectrum or vice versa. imstack - Stack images into a single image of higher dimension imstatistics - Compute and print statistics for a list of images imsum - Compute the sum, average, or median of a set of images imsurfit - Fit a surface to a 2-D image imtab - Convert an image to a table column. imtab - Copy an image to a table column. imtest - Image headers and pixel files test imtile - Tile same sized 2D images into a 2D mosaic imtitle - Change the title of an image (noao.proto V2.9) imtool - Information on the image display tool under X/Open Windows imtool formats - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) imtool window - VII.F Using the Imtool Window (appendix) imtranspose - Transpose a list of 2-D images imuncompress - Uncompress IRAF image pixel file imutil - Image utilities package imverify - Verify that an image was copied correctly. imxv - apply a 3D reverse rotation to a 3-vector (s.p.) incidence - Calibrate incidence angle. infostis - Print information about STIS FITS files. inlfit - Interactive non-linear least squares fitting package input cube for mask-making ("mimage") would normally be related to install - System Installation Guide instruments - Instrument specific data files interp - Interpolate for a value in a table of X,Y pairs interp - Old 1D image interpolation routines intin - convert a character string into an integer intrep - Find coordinates at the cursor. intrinsicspecplot - Plot the emitted and observed spectrum intro - A brief introduction to IRAF inttag - Convert an events table of TIMETAG into an integrated intvel - Interactive average velocity evaluation inverse - Compute inverse Fourier transform of an image. invertfit - Compute the standard indices by inverting the fit invf - invert the linear model computed from 2 sets of [x,y] coordinates invmetric - Translate RA & Dec to WF/PC pixel coordinates with geometric iodata - data I/O package (SAO and Steward CCD) [up] ionic - Determine ionic abundance relative to H+ iraf2bin - Convert IRAF images into binary files irafil - Create an IRAF image from a binary data file irafintro - Manual Introduction and IRAF Tutorials irafpacks - IRAF Package Requirements irafplan - IRAF Project Plan iralign - Align the image produced by irmosaic iralign - Align the mosaiced image produced by irmosaic irfftes -- Test the 2-D FFT procedure irlincor - Correct IR imager frames for non-linearity irlincor - Correct frames for non-linearity irman - Infrared Reduction Manual (in progress) irmatch1d - Align and intensity match image produced by irmosaic (1D) irmatch1d - Align and intensity match the image produced by irmosaic (1D) irmatch2d - Align and intensity match image produced by irmosaic (2D) irmatch2d - Align and intensity match the image produced by irmosaic (2D) irme0 -- Perform 2-D deconvolution for an image by MEM irmosaic - Mosaic an ordered list of images onto a grid irred - KPNO IR camera reductions irs - KPNO IRS spectral reductions iscoeff - get coefficients of surface iseval - evaluate the surface at a point isfree - free surface descriptor isinit - initialize surface descriptor islaccum - accumulate surface at a given line number islfit - fit the surface at a given line number islrefit - refit the surface at a given line number, same columns islsolve - solve the surface at a given line number islzero - zero the fit for a given line number isoexam - Graph ellipses on the image display (interactive). isoimap - Graph ellipses superposed over the gray-scale image display. isomap - Graph ellipses superposed over image contours. isopall - Graph summary of all results from isophotal analysis. isophote - Elliptical isophote image analysis. isoplot - Graph results of isophotal analysis. isoreg - create region mask by applying intensity levels to image data isreplace - restore the surface fit isresolve - resolve surface, same lines issave - save the surface fit issolve - solve the surface istable - Is a file a table or text database file ? isvector - fit surface at a set of (x,y) values iszero - zero the surface fit itob - Convert integer to boolean itoc - Integer to character itools - X Window System image display package [up] jimage - Create a jitter image from U2,U3 coordinates in a table. jobs - Display status of background jobs jobs - I.3 A Quick View of IRAF (irafintro) joinlines - Join text files line by line kbj - select the epoch prefix B or J keep - Make recent set, task, etc. declarations permanent keypar - Copy an image or table header keyword to an IRAF parameter. keyselect - Copy selected image header keywords to sdas table keyselect - Copy selected image header keywords to sdas table. keytab - Copy an image or table header keyword to a table element. keywpars - Translate the image header keywords used in ASTUTIL package keywpars - Translate the image header keywords used in RV package ki - Kernel interface (networking) kill - Kill a background job kmestimate - Compute the Kaplan-Meier estimator of a randomly censored kolmov - Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for goodness of fit. kpnocoude - KPNO coude reduction package (slit and 3 fiber) kpnoslit - KPNO low/moderate dispersion slits (Goldcam, RCspec, Whitecam) ksplot - plot observed & model cdf's and their difference lamar2fits - convert LAMAR data to a FITS file lamar2qp - convert LAMAR data to a QPOE event file lambda - List wavlength and pixel values language - The command language itself laplace - Laplacian filter a list of 1 or 2-D images latex - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) lbmap - makes a local background map lcalib - List calibration file data lcase - Convert a file to lower case ldetect - 'canned' local detect task ldumpf - List the permanent files on a Cyber DUMPF tape lexnum - Lexically analyze a string to determine if it is a number lgaperloc - Calibrate location of a large aperture (location phase III). lgrlist - Expand a list of images and group numbers line_sel - Build a db of lines from a line list linebias - Fit and subtract an average line bias lineclean - Replace deviant pixels in image lines linefind - Find spectral lines for wavelength calibration. linelists - Description of the spectral line list library in link - Help page for linking between computers at CTIO linmatch - Match the linear intensity scales of 1-D or 2-D images linpol - Calculate polarization frames and Stoke's parameters lintran - Linearly transform a coordinate list lintran - Perform linear transformation of a list listarea - Print an area of an image. listpixels - Convert an image section into a list of pixels listprimes - Display first N prime numbers. lists - List processing package llsq - Lawson's & Hanson's linear least squares package lmap - Compute the photocathode mapping function lmatchsrc - match sources between and within different detect cell sizes load - I.3 A Quick View of IRAF (irafintro) load - I.4 Tutorial #1 IRAF Structure (irafintro) local - The template local package logging - Discussion of CL logging login - I.2 Login and logout (irafintro) login - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) logout - I.2 Login and logout (irafintro) logout - Log out of the CL logout - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) longslit - Longslit Package lowpars - Pset for setting the low-pass filter parameters used in the lparam - I.3 A Quick View of IRAF (irafintro) lparam - List the parameters of a task lpeaks - determine the rough source positions from a snrmap lpopen - Open the line printer as a file lprint - Print a file on the line printer device lroff - Lroff (line-roff) text formatter ltcplot - plot a ltc table (output of ltcurv) ltcurv - compute count rates of binned source and bkgd ltoc - Long to character lucy - Deconvolve an image using Leon Lucy's algorithm. lumatch - Match the lookup tables of two frames m2av - convert a rotation matrix to an axial vector (s.p.) macro - expand a macro with user-supplied args magavg - Average output from MAGBAND for a single object magband - Compute the average magnitude for a list of bandpasses magnify - Magnify a list of 1-D or 2-D images mail - Help page for sending mail to the States mail - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) main - The IRAF Main makehelium - Cl script for processing destreaked 10830 grams(second pass). makeimages - Cl script for processing magnetograms into projected maps makevig - generate a vignetting mask file from calibration data makewcs - Write the WCS on the image header based on the plate sol. manual help - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) manuals - CTIO manuals map - convert a post IAU 1976 mean to geocentric apparent place mapkeyword - Replace image header keyword values with other values mappa - precompute the set of mean to geocentric apparent place parameters mapqk - convert a post IAU 1976 mean to geocentric apparent place mapqkz - convert a post IAU 1976 mean to geocentric apparent place markdq - Mark DQ flags on a displayed image marx2qpoe - convert MARX EVENT FITS to QPOE file match - Print all lines in a file that match a pattern mathfcns - Mathematical routines median - Median box filter a list of 1D or 2D images mem - Deconvolve an image by the Maximum Entrophy Method (MEM). memcheck -- check SPP code for possible memory errors memchk - Process a memdbg mem.log file for errors memio - Memory i/o (dynamic memory allocation) merge - Merge daily grams into a Carrington map. mergecar - Merge and bin spectra from different carrousel positions. metric - Translate WF/PC pixel coordinates to RA & Dec with geometric midut - Compute UT at midpoint of observation minmax - Compute the minimum and maximum pixel values in an image missions - list of missions and instruments support by PROS mjoin - Join lines in text files by matching them mk(n)obsfile - Prepare an oservations file from apphot/daophot output mk1dspec - Make/add artificial 1D spectra mk2dspec - Make/add artificial 2D spectra using 1D spectra templates mka2d - Create or modify an A-to-D correction reference file for WF/PC. mkapfile - Prepare aperture corrections file from apphot/daophot output mkapropos - Make apropos database mkapropos - Make the apropos database. mkcatalog - Type in a standard star catalog or observations file mkconfig - Prepare a configuration file mkcube - Combine 2D images into a cube mkdark - Create a dark by combining images to get rid of cosmic rays. mkdir - Create a new directory mkechelle - Make artificial 1D and 2D echelle spectra mkexamples - Make artificial data examples mkfringecor - Make fringe correction images from sky images mkfunc - Create analytic form test data (image). mkgauss - Generate a 2-D image having an object of Gaussian type. mkheader - Append/replace header parameters mkhelpdb - Make (compile) a help database mkhistogram - List or plot the histogram of a data stream (noao.proto V2.9) mkhkscr - generate a housekeeping (TSI) filter mkid -- make and ID database mkillumcor - Make flat field illumination correction images mkillumflat - Make illumination corrected flat fields mkimsets - Prepare an image set file for input to (mk)(n)obsfile mklut - Generate a lookup table for image display. mkmanpage - Make a manual page mkmultispec - Combine wavelength and data with the MULTISPEC MWCS. mknoise - Make/add noise and cosmic rays to 1D/2D images mkobjects - Make/add artificial stars and galaxies to 2D images mkpattern - Make/add patterns to images mkphotcors - Prepare the photometric corrections files mkphottb - Create a synthetic photometry lookup table for WF/PC. mkpkg - Make or update an object library or package mkpkg - Rebuild the system libraries mkscript - Make a command script mkshift - Make a script to shift images to common positions mkskycor - Make sky illumination correction images mkskyflat - Make sky corrected flat field images mkspec - Generate an artificial spectrum mkspec - Generate an artificial spectrum (obsolete) mktags - Tag all procedure declarations in a set of files mktemp - Make a temporary (unique) file name mktemp - Make a unique temporary filename mkttydata - Build cache for termcap/graphcap device entries mkweight - Make a simple weighting file for use in task specalign. mode - Modal box filter a list of 1D or 2D images modelpars - Pset for setting model parameters used in the wiener task. models_spectral - for information about spectral models modeone - Restore and display mode I target acquisition images. mongo - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) monitor - Reduce particle monitor data obtained from HSP. monochrome - Select monochrome enhancement moon - compute approximate geocentric position/velocity of moon mosaic_display - Display many images in a single image display buffer. mosproc - Prepare images for quick look mosaicing movefiles - Move files to a directory moveheader - Combine the header and pixels from two images, mperfits - convert from MPE/MIDAS FITS IMAGE to IRAF image format w/ WCS mrider - Calculate derivatives for a few points in a 2-D array mrieval - Evaluate the interpolant at a few points in a 2-D array mrotlogr - Log some header parameters from a FITS rotation map tape. msarith - Image arithmetic with NICMOS and STIS files msbadpix - Detects bad pixels in STIS and NICMOS images. msbadpix - Detects bad pixels in STIS and NICMOS images. mscan - Read all sector scans on a tape and put them into images. mscarith - Image arithmetic mosaic exposures msccmatch - Match coordinates from list by adjusting WCS msccmd - Execute general command with image extension expansion mscctran - Celestial coordinate transformation using plate solution mscdisplay - Display mosaic exposures in single frames mscexamine - Examine mosaic exposures displayed as single frames mscfinder - Package to do astrometry on mosaic data mscfocus - Measure focus from mosaic focus exposures mscguide - Introductory guide to using the MSCRED package mscimage - Reconstruct single images from a mosaic exposures mscimatch - Match intensity scales in reconstructed mosaic images mscombine - Combine NICMOS or STIS files using gcombine mscrfits - Read mosaic data from a FITS tape mscstack - Combine multiple reconstructed mosaic images mscstat - Image statistics on mosaic image extensions mscwcs - Set and adjust mosaic WCS mscwfits - Write mosaic data to a FITS tape msczero - Display, measure coordinates, set WCS zeropoint offsets msdel - This script removes one (1) entire FITS imset from a FITS file. msider - Evaluate derivatives at x and y msieval - Evaluate the interpolant at x and y msifit - Fit the 2-D interpolant msifree - Free space allocated by msiinit msigeti - Fetch an integer parameter msigrl - Calculate the integral inside a polygon msiinit - Get ready to fit 2-D interpolant; set up parameters msirestore - Restore interpolant parameters and coefficients msisave - Save 2-D interpolant parameters and coefficients msisqgrl - Calculate the integral in a rectangle msivector - Evaluate interpolant at an array of x and y msjoin - Joins files containing single IMSETs into one file msreadnoise - Measures readout noise in STIS and NICMOS images. msreadnoise - Measures readout noise in STIS and NICMOS images. msresp1d - Create 1D response spectra from flat field and sky spectra msresp1d - Create fiber response spectra from flat field and sky spectra mssort - Sort a FITS file to get all extensions of like version number mssplit - Splits NICMOS or STIS IMSETs out into separate files msstatistics - "Extended" gstatistics for OIF, GEIS, NICMOS and STIS files msstreakflat - Processing of Earth streaked images for WFPC and NICMOS. msstreakflat - Processing of Earth streaked images for WFPC and NICMOS. mstools - General-purpose tasks that handle NICMOS IMSETs. mstools - Tasks to handle STIS/NICMOS IMSETs. mtexamine - Examine the structure of a magnetic tape mtio - Magtape i/o mtlocal - Magtape i/o for special NOAO format tapes [up] multihole files - VII.A CTIO Calibration Files (appendix) mvrefer - Move reference files between systems mxm - compute the product of two 3X3 matrices (s.p.) mxv - multiply a 3-vector by a rotation matrix (s.p.) n2gaussfit - 2-d Gaussian fit to images. names - Generate a list of image names from a string nd filter curves - VII.A CTIO Calibration Files (appendix) ndark - Build NICMOS DARKFILE calibration reference file ndisplay - Display a science image with DQ flags superimposed ndprep - Make neutral density filter calibration image nebular - Tasks for analyzing nebular emission lines netstatus - Print the status of the local network network - Information on access to devices and files across the network networking - Provide background information about IRAF networking neutral density - II.3.12 ND Filter Corrections (2dfrutti) neutral density - VII.A CTIO Calibration Files (appendix) newcont - Draw contours of two-dimensional data. newgeom - Geometrically correct an image. newgeom - Geometrically correct an image. newredshift - Change the redshift of spectra news - Announcements of general interest news - Page through the system news file nfit1d - Interactive 1-d non-linear curve fit to images, tables or lists. ngaussfit - Interactive 1-d multiple Gaussian fit to images, tables or lists. nicmos - Tasks for calibrating NICMOS data. nlerrors - Compute the fits statistics and errors in the parameters nleval - Evaluate the curve at a given point nlevel - Documentation on the N-level atom approximation nlfit - Fit the function nlfit - IRAF Levenberg-Marquardt non-linear least squares package nlfree - Free memory allocated by nlinit nlincorr - Build NICMOS NLINFILE calibration reference file nlinit - Initialize the fitting routines nlpget - Get the values of the fitted parameters nlstat - Get the value of an NLFIT parameter nlvector - Evaluate the curve at an array of points noao - The NOAO optical astronomy packages nobsolete - Obsolete tasks to be phased out in a future release [up] noisemodel - Determine noise model parameters from CCD frames. noisepars - Pset for setting noise parameters used in the wiener task. normalize - Enter normalization factors into cube image header normalize - Normalize images normclip - Normalize WF/PC flat fields among chips. normflat - Create a flat field by normalizing and replacing low values north - Print the position angles of images. note - Note the long integer position in a file for a later seek nproto - Prototype (temporary, contributed) tasks [up] nscan - Get number of arguments successfully converted in last scan nsppkern - Plot metacode on a NSPP (NCAR) plotter device nstar - Fit the psf to predefined groups of stars ntcontour - Plot contours of N_e- or T_e-sensitive line ratios ntplot - Construct N_e vs. T_e plot for observed diagnostic ratios nut - compute the nutation matrix for a given date nutc - compute the nutation components for a given date oap - convert from observed to apparent place oapqk - convert from observed to apparent place objcalib - Photometrically calibrate an objective prism image. obs - look up an entry in a list of groundbased observing stations observatory - Examine and define observatory parameters [up] obsfile - Prepare an observations file from a text file obsmode - A short explanation of the observation mode keywords obsolete - Obsolete tasks obsum - Produce brief, time-ordered summary of groups in data. ocrreject - Generate a STIS CCD image (images and spectra) free of odeadtimez - Compute the HRS paired-pulse coefficients. odelaytime -- Correct for light delay time for STIS timetag data. odisplay - Display images (tv V2.10.4) offsets - Builds cross-correlation image (shift only). ofixpix - Fix bad pixels using text file (proto V2.10.4) onedspec - One dimensional spectral red & analysis package [up] onedstds - Description of the spectral calibration library in the onerror - Post a procedure to be executed if error recovery occurs onexit - Post a procedure to be executed upon process shutdown open - Open or create a text or binary file or color-magnitude). orderphase - Order time series observations by fractional phases. orfits - Convert a FITS image into an IRAF image (dataio V2.10.4) osb - Bit and byte primitives oscmd - Send a command to the host operating system osfn - Return the host system equivalent of an IRAF filename over-written after an unsuccessful or interrupted run of a task, overflowx - Correct an image for 8-bit overflow. overlap - Overlap two images by a certain amount of lines or columns. overscan - Simulate the effect of overscanning in an image. owfits - Convert an IRAF image into a FITS image (dataio V2.10.4) p2geo - Evaluate polynomial fit file and make a GEO image for 'newgeom'. pa - compute the parallactic angle from the hour angle and declination package - CCD image reduction package package - Define a new package, or print the current package names package - Discussion and overview of package including sections on: package - I.4 Tutorial #1 IRAF Structure (irafintro) package - Package parameters and general description of package packages - I.3 A Quick View of IRAF (irafintro) page - Page through a file panic - I.8 Common Problems: Their Cause and Cure (irafintro) paperprod - Tasks for generating paper products. parameter - I.8 Common Problems: Their Cause and Cure (irafintro) parameters - Discussion of parameter attributes parg[bcsilrdx] - Pass an argument to a printf pargstr - Pass a string type argument to a printf parkey - Put an IRAF parameter into an image or table header keyword. partab - Transfer an IRAF parameter to a table element. parthitv - Remove particle event. parthity - Find particle hits and compute dark rate. parthitz - Locate particle events and compute dark rate. pathnames - Expand a file template into a list of OS pathnames patmatch - General pattern matching pcalc - Do arithmetic on a list of apphot/daophot tables databases pcalc - Do arithmetic operations on a list of daophot databases pcd - apply pincushion/barrel distortion to tangent plane coordinates pcol - Plot a column of an image pcols - Plot the average of a range of image columns pcombine - Combine flux calibrated datasets. pcomputer - Help page for users of CTIO pc terminals pconcat - Concatenate a list of apphot/daophot databases pconcat - Concatenate a list of daophot databases pconvert - Convert a text database to a tables database pconvert - Convert from an apphot/daophot text to tables database pda2h - compute the hour angle corresponding to a given azimuth pdm - Find periods in light curves by Phase Dispersion Minimization pdq2h - compute the hour angle corresponding to a given parallactic angle pdr - Preliminary Design Review; software engineering pdump - Print selected columns of a list of daophot/apphot databases pdump - Print selected fields from a list of daophot databases peak - Fit the psf to single stars peaks - Find peaks in x and y data points period - determine the period using epoch folding pexamine - Interactively examine and edit a daophot database pexamine - Interactively examine and edit an apphot/daophot database pexamine - Interactively examine or edit an apphot output file pfmerge - Merge a list of photometry databases pha_all - Plot PHA results for all diodes. pha_center - Plot histogram of PHA results for all diodes. pha_diode - Plot detailed summary of PHA results for specific diodes. pha_rms - Plot histogram of PHA errors for all diodes. pha_sig2rms - Plot histogram of PHA signal-to-noise ratio for all diodes. pha_summary - Produce report on results of PHA observations. pha_text - Print text summary of PHA results. phav - Calibrate discriminator threshold setting. phay - Pulse height analysis. phaz - Perform a Pulse Height Distribution analysis (PHA). phelp - Paged HELP: collects and pages the output of HELP phistogram - Plot or print the histogram of an image or list phot - Compute sky values and initial magnitudes for a list of stars phot - Measure magnitudes for a list of stars photcal - Photometric Calibration Package photman - Photometry Manual photpars - Edit the aperture photometry parameters photpars - Edit the photometry parameters pickfile - Get the file name picked from the input file template. pimtext - Put text directly into images using a pixel font. pixcoord - Compute pixel coordinates of stars in an image. pixedit - Screen editor for image pixels pixlocate - Print positions of all points inside (or outside) a pixselect - List pixel values within a certain range pkgcreate -- create an external package pkgpars - spectral package parameter pset pkgrename -- rename an external package planet - compute the approximate heliocentric position/velocity of a planet plband - Plot a set of passbands. plbias - Correct linear polarization for bias in Q and U plcreate - create a pixel list from a region pllist - display a pixel list plot - Plot package plotting - I.7 Tutorial #4 Implot Task (irafintro) plratio - Plot the ratio of observed to synthetic spectral or plspec - Plot spectral and photometric data. pltcmap - Plot a color map image. pltpar - Pset to specify graph parameters for 'sgraph' task. pltpar - Specify graph parameters (pset for 'sgraph'). pltrans - Plot photometric transformation diagrams (e.g., color-color pltsol - Calculate plate solution from table of positions. plucy - Multiple channel photometric image restoration. pm - apply the correction for proper motion to a star poffsets - Find pixel offsets using cross-correlation. polarimetry - Reduce HSP polarimetric data. polave - Average Stokes spectra from multiple datasets. polbin - Rebin Stokes and polarization spectra. polcalc - Calculate polarization from Stokes IQUV spectra. poleffv - Calculate polarization efficiency. polnorm - Normalize Stokes QUV spectra by Stokes I. polpav - Calibrate position angle offset. polplot - Stacked plot of flux and polarization spectra. polverify - Verify polarimetry calibrations. polyepoch - Fit polynomials to coefficients as functions of the epoch. polyeval - Evaluate calibration corrections. polyfit - Fit a polynomial to a specified quantity. polyfit - Fit polynomial to list of X,Y data polymark - Create polygon lists for polyphot polypars - Edit the polyphot parameters polyphot - Measure magnitudes inside a list of polygonal regions populate - Populate a db with a new component posvel - Calculate position and velocity vector of the spacecraft. powercor - Apply power law correction to mountain reduced spectra powerpars - Pset with parameters for powerlaw function. powerspec - Compute the power spectrum of an image. pp_dads - Paper products generation pprofile - Plot or print radial profile or encircled energy. pradprof - Plot or list the radial profile of a stellar object prcache - Show process cache, or lock a process into the cache prebn - compute the FK4 matrix of precession between two epochs prec - compute the FK5 matrix of precession between two epochs preces - precess coordinates in either the FK4 or FK5 systems precess - Precess a list of astronomical coordinates precl - compute the longterm matrix of precession between two epochs precor - Cosmic-ray processing. precss - precess coordinates in either the FK4 or FK5 systems prenumber - Renumber a list of apphot/daophot databases prenumber - Renumber stars in a daophot database prenut - compute the FK5 matrix of precession and nutation prf - information on the Point Response Function (or psf) prf - Point Response Function (or psf) information prfit - Print contents of fit tables created by fitting task. print - Format and print a line on the standard output printers - Information on local printers accessible from IRAF printf - Formatted print to STDOUT printing - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) problems - I.8 Common Problems: Their Cause and Cure (irafintro) problems - Submit an STSDAS software problem report to STScI. procdata - data reduction package (CCD and IR array) [up] process - A task generated by BATCHRED pros - overview of all IRAF/PROS tasks protect - Protect a file from deletion protect - Protect a file from deletion proto - Prototype or interim tasks prow - Plot a line (row) of an image prows - Plot the average of a range of image lines pselect - Select records from a daophot database pselect - Select records from a list of apphot/daophot databases pseudocolor - Select pseudocolor enhancement psf - Compute the point spread function psfextr - Extract a subsection of an image to be put in the PSF library. psfmatch - Match the point-spread functions of 1-D or 2-D images psfpars - Pset for setting psf parameters used in the wiener task. psikern - IRAF GIO Kernel to produce PostScript output. psort - Sort a daophot database psort - Sort a list of apphot/daophot databases pspc_fitting - for more information on ROSAT/PSPC spectral fitting pspc_hrcolor - compute an image which reflects the xray color of a PSPC observation pstack - Plot a stack of pixel values from a MultiAccum image pstselect - Select candidate psf stars based on proximity ptools - Photometry Tools Package pttest - Run basic tests on the ptools package tasks put_global - Set the value of a parameter for all components in the db putc - Put a character to a file putcal - Place parameter values from a calibration pset into data files putcc - Put only printable characters to a file putline - Put a line to to a text file putlog - Put a message to the logfile putsqib - Merge a squibby brightness image into a full disk image. pvector - Plot an arbitrary vector in a 2D image pvobs - compute the geocentric position / velocity of an observing station pxcoord - List pixel coordinates of guide stars. pxy - apply a linear model to a set of expected and measured [x,y] qhistogram - Make histogram of multi-readout CCD image qid -- query ID database qmosaic - Quick mosaic of the four WFPC or WFPC2 frames into one image. qp2fits - convert from PROS QPOE format to BINTABLE FITS format qpaddaux - add additional BINTABLEs to existing QPOE file qpappend - append a list of input QPOEs to produce a single QPOE file qpappend_ftsi- merge QPOEs with the first TSI if user requests so qpcalc - Modify/Create event attributes with calculator qpcopy - copy a qpoe file to another qpoe file qpcreate - Convert an ASCII event-list to PROS/QPOE format qpgapmap - calculate the de-gapped HRI coordinates (detx,dety) qphedit - edit header parameters in a qpoe or image file qphot - Measure quick magnitudes for a list of stars qplintran - apply a linear transformation to a QPOE file (like IMLINTRAN) qplist - list individual photon records in regions and aux. records qplot - Check results of previously-run xcsao and emsao qpoe - description of the QPOE data file and user interface qpphase - Generate a QPOE file, adding a new element attribute - phase qpproj - perform projections on a QPOE file qprotate - apply a rotation angle to a QPOE file qpshift - apply a linear shift to a QPOE file qpsim - event simulation task qpsort - sort a qpoe file qpspec - Create spectral data set from a qpoe file. qsort - General quick sort for any data structure qstatistics - Calculate image statistics for multi-readout CCD images quad - quad CCD processing package quadproc - Process multi-readout CCD images quadscale - quality - Generate HRS diode quality image. quickfit - Fit an ellipse to the solar limb. quickhelp - Quick Introduction to the IRAF system r2df - Convert a CTIO 2-d frutti image into an IRAF image r49fits - A fits reader for obsolete versions of iraf. radix - Encode a number in the specified radix radplt - PLot the radial profile of an object (noao.proto V2.9) radprof - Compute the stellar radial profile of a list of stars range - normalize an angle to the range -pi <= angle <= pi (s.p.) ranges - Parse a list of ranges "1,3,5-7,.." ranorm - normalize an angle to the range 0 <= angle <= 2pi (s.p.) rapidlook - Display a 1-D multigroup image as a 2-D image. rappendx - Append reseau entries from one file to another. rarc2pros - convert ROSAT archive files to PROS format(root_ext.fits) rarc2pros_c - convert ROSAT archive files to PROS format(root_EXT.FITS) rashead - Show rasterfile header information. rastoim - Convert rasterfile to IRAF image. ratiox - Divide two or more images prior to relative DE corrections. rbinary - Create an image from a binary file. rbkmap_make - script to create rotated background map from QPOE file rc - Interactively label a plot with text strings. rcamera - Convert a CAMERA image into an IRAF image rcardimage - Convert a cardimage file into a text file rcc - compute the difference between TDB and TT in seconds rcombine - Average or sum rapid-readout data with propagation of errors. rcp - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) rd2xy - Translate RA/Dec to the pixel coordinate. rdifferx - Plot histogram of differences between entries in separate files. rdirectoryx - Print directory of all entries in a reseau file. rdplan - compute approximate topocentric apparent position of a planet rdprint - Print difference between two reseau entries. rdsiaf - Read values from a PDB SIAF file into an SDAS table rdssa - Convert the PDB SVDF.DAT file into an STSDAS table. rdumpf - Convert IPPS rasters from a DUMPF tape to IRAF images read - I.5 Tutorial #2 Reading and Writing Data to Tape (irafintro) read - Read a binary block of data from a file reading - I.8 Common Problems: Their Cause and Cure (irafintro) readvt - Read a full disk tape and produce an IRAF image. reblock - Copy a binary file, optionally reblocking redcorr - Correct line flux for interstellar reddening redefine - Redefine a task redshift - Tasks for determining redshifts and dispersions. refco - compute the refraction coefficients refdata - Pset to specify common synphot parameters. references - Find all help database references for a given topic reflresamp - Resample or reflect an image or vector using reflux - Apply new absolute sensitivity corrections to HRS spectra. refro - compute the atmospheric refraction for optical and radio wavelengths refspectra - Assign reference spectra to object spectra refspectra - Assign reference spectra to observations refspectra - Assign wavelength reference spectra to other spectra refv - apply the refraction correction to a Cartesian 3-vector refz - apply the refraction correction to a zenith distance regions - description of PROS region masks regions - Produce guide star region files (as STSDAS tables). registration - Compute registration parameters and resample unaligned reidentify - Automatically identify features in spectra reidentify - Automatically reidentify features in spectra reidentify - Reidentify arc lines and determine new dispersion functions reidentify - Reidentify features relearn - Set parameter values in parameter file of new version release_xray - release notes for this build relsen - Calculate relative sensitivity (including instrumental rename - Change the name of a file rename - Rename a file reopen - Reopen a file on another file descriptor resample - Resample calibrated fluxes to a linear wavelength scale. resavg - Average reseau entries. reset - Reset the value of an environment variable resfind - Automatically find reseau marks. respar - User specified resampling parameters pset. response - Determine response calibration restore - Deconvolve or filter 1- or 2-dimensional images. revalfitx - Evaluate, at certain points, fit produced by 'rfitx'. revisions - Revisions to installed software rewind - I.5 Tutorial #2 Reading and Writing Data to Tape (irafintro) rewind - Rewind a device (magtape) rextrap - Extrapolate a reseau grid by one row or column on all sides. rfindx - Locate reseau marks in an image. rfits - Convert FITS image data into a list of IRAF images rfits - I.5 Tutorial #2 Reading and Writing Data to Tape (irafintro) rfits - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) rfits2pros - convert ROSAT PI data tapes to PROS format(root00n) rfitx - Calculate fit of distorted coordinates to reference coordinates. rfixx - Fix holes in reseau file entries. rgb - Select true color mode (red, green, and blue frames) rgcursor - Read the graphics cursor (makes a list) rgenx - Generate a reseau file or entry. rh_fits2pros - task to install HRI RDF sample data rheaders - Register using FITS coordinate parameters. ridsfile - Convert IDSFILES from a DUMPF tape to IRAF images ridsmtn - Convert mountain format IDS/IRS data to IRAF images ridsout - Convert a text file in IDSOUT format to IRAF images rimcursor - Read the image display cursor (makes a list) ringpars - Compute ring parameters for a series of images rinterx - Perform simple interpolation between reseau grids. ripple - Compute the HRS ripple function coefficients. rlogin - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) rmap - Map a full disk image into a 180 by 180 flat image. rmarkerx - Interactively modify the positions in a reseau table. rmbin - Find/delete binary files in subdirectories rmedian - Ring median filter a list of 1D or 2D images rmfiles - Find/delete files in subdirectories rmode - Ring modal filter a list of 1D or 2D images rosat_files - description of ROSAT data files which can be input rosprf - generate images that model ROSAT PRF (PSF) rotate - Rotate and shift a list of 2-D images rotfind - Finds rotation angle from a set of cross-correlation images. rp_fits2pros - task to install PSPC RDF sample data rpds - Convert a PDS image into an IRAF image rplotx - Plot magnified vector differences between reseau grids. rprintx - Print out reseau mark coordinates. rrcopy - Convert IPPS rasters from an RCOPY tape to IRAF images rremovex - Fill in reseau marks with cosmetic data. rsdpbacx - Create RSDP format BAC file for FOC. rsdpfmtx - Create RSDP format ITF file for FOC. rsdpparx - Pset with RSDP parameters. rsdpsdex - Create RSDP format SDE file for FOC. rsdpunix - Create RSDP format UNI file for FOC. rspectext - Convert ascii text spectra to image spectra rstat - Print statistics about one or two reseau entries. rsubset - Extract or print a subset of a reseau grid. rtar - Read a TAR format archive file rtextimage - Convert text files to IRAF images rtodbx - Put reseau data in a form suitable for geometry tasks in rtransformx - Perform linear transformations on reseau coordinates. rv - Radial velocity analysis package [up] rvcorrect - Compute radial velocity corrections rverot - compute the earth rotation velocity component in a given direction rvgalc - compute the dynamical LSR velocity component in a given direction rvidlines - Measure radial velocities from spectral lines rvlg - compute the solar velocity component in a given direction rvlsrd - compute the peculiar solar velocity component in a given direction rvlsrk - compute the standard solar velocity component in a given direction rvreidlines - Reidentify spectral lines and measure radial velocities rvxcor - Compute radial velocities via cross correlation s2tp - project spherical coordinates onto the tangent plane (s.p.) samplepars - Pset with data sampling parameters. saodump - Make image and colormap files from SAOimage display. saolpr - Print an image from an SAOImage display. sapertures - Set or change aperture header information sarith - Spectrum arithmetic sarith - Spectrum arithmetic sarith - Spectrum arithmetic sarith - Spectrum arithmetic sarith - Spectrum arithmetic sarith - Spectrum arithmetic sarith - Spectrum arithmetic satlink - Help page for use of the Satellite Link to the US sbands - Bandpass spectrophotometry of spectra scanc - Get the next character from a scan scatterv - Calculate scattered light contribution. scc_to_utc - convert from ROSAT spacecraft clock time to UTC schmittbin - Compute regression coefficients by Schmitt's method. sclean - Sigma-CLEAN deconvolution of 2-d images. scmapc - Reformat SAOimage colormap for Celco. scombine - Combine spectra scombine - Combine spectra having different wavelength ranges scoords - Set spectral coordinates as a pixel array (1D spectra only) scopy - Copy spectra including aperture selection and format changes scopy - Select and copy apertures in different spectral formats scopy - Sum and extract spectra from long slit to 1D format sdisplay - Image display package for SAOImage display device. seam - Smooth the boundaries between mosaicked WF/PC frames. search_grid - Perform a chisquared grid search. sections - Expand an image template on the standard output seek - Set the file offset of the next char to be read or written seepsf - Compute an image from the point spread function selftest - Self test program to check DTOI transformation sensfunc - Compute instrumental sensitivity from standard stars sensfunc - Create sensitivity function sep - compute the angle between two points on a sphere (s.p.) service - Service a query from a background job set - Set an environment variable setairmass - Compute effective airmass and middle UT for an exposure setimpars - Save/restore parameter sets for a particular image setinstrument - Set instrument parameters setjd - Compute and set Julian dates in images sfit - Fit spectra and output fit, ratio, or difference sfit - Fit spectra and output fit, ratio, or difference sflip - Flip data and/or dispersion coordinates in spectra sflip - Flip data ano/or dispersion coordinates in spectra sgidecode - Decode an SGI format metacode file sgikern - Simple graphics interface (SGI) graphics kernel sgraph - Graph one or more image sections or lists or table columns. sgraph - Graph one or more image sections or lists. sgscind - Search the guide star catalog index. sharp - Measure the sharpness of star images of WFPC1/2 shift - Shift an image by a specified number of pixels. shiftfind - Finds X,Y shifts in a cross-corelation image. shiftlines - Shift the lines of a list of N-D images show - Show an environment variable show_models - Display the current model parameters. showcap - Show and decode graphcap entries showfiles - Print a list of filenames used in a synphot expression showspiral - Build and display spiral-search map. siaper - Plot the science instrument apertures of HST. side1_offset - Task to convert side 1 carrousel positions to side 2 positions. simbackgd - Two-dimensional HST background simulator simimg - Two-dimensional HST imaging instrument simulator simnoise - Two-dimensional HST noise simulator simprism - Create a 1-D or 2-D simulated objective prism spectrum. simspec - Two-dimensional HST spectral instrument simulator singlefit - Compare fixed-parameter model with data. sinterp - Interpolate a table of x,y pairs to create a spectrum sky - Sky processing by "crrej-like" algorithm. skyctran - Transform coordinates from one celestial wcs to another skymap - Compute geometric transforms using the image celestial wcs skymap - Draw a star chart. skypix - precess and convert between astronimical coordinate systems skysub - Sky subtract extracted multispec spectra skytweak - Sky subtract 1D spectra after tweaking sky spectra skyxymatch - Generate matched pixel lists using the image celestial wcs slalib - Starlink positional astronomy library sleep - Hibernate for a specified time slist - List spectrum header parameters slist - List spectrum headers slist1d - List spectral header elements slitanglex - Measure the angle of long slit spectrum to AXIS1. slitless - Extract a spectrum from a direct/GRISM image pair slitpic - Generate IRAF image of aperture slit mask smap - Compute the photocathode mapping function (i.e., the smaperloc - Calibrate location of a small aperture (location phase III). smat - solve a set of simultaneous equations (s.p.) snrmap - determine the signal-to-noise of a given image softools - Software tools package sort - Sort a text file spcombine - Intercative combine task spearman - Compute the generalized Spearman's rho correlation. spec_polar - Tasks for reducing and analyzing FOS polarimetry observations. specalign - Combine spectra such as FP-SPLIT Observations. specfit - Fitting spectra with non-linear chi-square minimization specplot - Scale, stack, and plot multiple spectra specplot - Stack and plot multiple spectra specred - Generic slit and fiber spectral reduction package specshift - Shift spectral dispersion coordinate systems spectra - Select and extract spectra from ADC CD-ROM catalogs specwcs - Discussion and description of the spectral image formats spfitpkg - Tasks for fitting spectra with non-linear chi-square sphot - Star photometry spiopars - Pset for specifying columnor file names of input spectrum fields spiralmap - Build spiral-search map. split - Split a large file into smaller segments splot - Plot and analyze spectra splot - Preliminary spectral plot/analysis splot - Preliminary spectral plot/analysis splot - Preliminary spectral plot/analysis splot - Preliminary spectral plot/analysis splot - Preliminary spectral plot/analysis spotlist - Generate a list of calibration spot values spp - SPP reference manual sppcalls -- print a list of SPP code calling sequences sppfmt -- indent and format a SPP program source file spplint -- a SPP program verifier sprintf - Formatted print to a string buffer spy - Show processor status src_cnts - calculate number of counts due to sources in QPOE file srcinten - compute the count rate of a given source region sregister - Register 1-D or 2-D images using the image celestial wcs sscan - Scan a string buffer stack - Stack images to form a new image with one more dimension. standard - Identify standard stars to be used in sensitivity calc standard - Tabuluate standard star counts and fluxes standard stars - VII.A CTIO Calibration Files (appendix) standards - IRAF programming standards starfind - Automatically detect stellar objects in a list of images starlist - Make an artificial star list statistics - Statistical analysis software. statspec - Compute statistical error from object and sky spectra stdgraph - Plot metacode on the standard graphics device stdplot - Plot metacode on the standard plotter device step - Take an image and divide the data between different groups. stfhistory - Add history records to an STSDAS image header. stfov - Plot HST science instrument apertures over an image. stgindx - Copy the catalog index to an STSDAS table. stis - Tasks for calibrating STIS data. stphot - Photometry Manual for PHOTRED (in progress) stplot - General plotting utilities. strcat - String concatentation strcpy - String copy strdetab - Simplified detab strdic - Look a string up in a dictionary streakflat - Generate WF/PC flat field from streak exposures of the Earth. strentab - Simplified entab streq - Compare strings for equality strfits - Convert FITS files to images and/or tables. strfits - Convert FITS files to tables or to GEIS files strge - Is string A greater than or equal to string B strgt - Is string A greater than string B stridx - First occurrence of a character in a string strings - String manipulation routines strldx - Last occurrence of a character in a string strle - Is string A less than or equal to string B strlen - Length of a string strlt - Is string A less than string B strlwr - Convert string to lower case strmatch - Search a string for a pattern strncmp - Compare the first N characters of two strings strne - Is string A not equal to string B stropen - Open a character string as a file strsearch - Fast string search, no metacharacters strtbl - Print a list of strings in a table structure - I.4 Tutorial #1 IRAF Structure (irafintro) strupr - Convert a string to upper case stty - Set/show terminal characteristics stwfits - Convert images and/or tables to FITS. stwfits - Convert tables and/or GEIS files to FITS files subet - remove the E-terms from a pre IAU 1976 catalog position subsets - Description of CCD subsets subsets - Substract pairs in strings of spectra subsky - Subtract background flux from target+background flux. substar - Subtract the fitted stars from the original image sums - Generate sums of object and sky spectra by aperture sun2vax - Convert GEIS images from Sun to Vax binary format sunmail - Help page for the UNIX/SUN mailer suntoiraf - Convert Sun rasters into IRAF images suntool windows - VII.E Using the Suntool Windows (appendix) supgal - convert deVaucouleurs supergalactic to IAU 1958 galactic coordinates surface - Make a surface plot of an image surfit - Fit a surface, z=f(x,y), to a set of x, y, z points surfit - IRAF image surface fitting package surfphot - Galaxy isophotal analysis package survival - Provide background & overview of survival analysis. svd - compute the SVD factorization of a matrix svdcov - compute the covariance matrix from the SVD factorization svdsol - solve a set of simultaneous equations using SVD factorization syndico - Make dicomed print of daily grams 18 cm across. synphot - Tasks for synthetic photometry and modelling instrument response. sys_mtime - Mark the time (for timing programs) sys_ptime - Print the elapsed time since last mark syserr - Post a system error and take an error action system - System utilties package system - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) t2d - Fast tape to disk copy tabfilter - Generate time filters based on engineering values tabim - Copy a table column to an image. tabim - Create an image from a table column. tabkey - Copy a table element to an image or table header keyword. table - Format a list of words into a table tabpar - Transfer a table element to an IRAF parameter. tabplot - Graph one or more table files tacarrousel - Perform target acquisition carrousel calibration. tacount - Calculate observed count rate for target acquisition. tadiodepos - Find a target acquistion image on the main diode array. taextract - Copy an array entry to a column of scalars in another table. taflat - Calculate target acquisition aperture flat field. tail - Print the last few lines of a file tainsert - Copy a column of scalars to an array entry in another table. tamode - Analyze a target acquisition field map. tape - I.8 Common Problems: Their Cause and Cure (irafintro) taperedge - Apply a cosine bell or linear taper to image edges. tapes - Information on local tapes available from IRAF tarestore - Restore mode I target acquisition images. targets - Find target coordinates based on guide stars. tascale - Scale aperture parameters. task - Define a new task tasks - I.3 A Quick View of IRAF (irafintro) tbcalc - Do arithmetic on a list of apphot/daophot tables databases tbconcat - Concatenate a list of apphot/daophot tables databases tbdump - Print selected columns of a list of tables databases tbrenumber - Renumber a list of apphot/daophot tables databases tbselect - Select records from a list of apphot/daophot tables databases tbsort - Sort a list of apphot/daophot tables databases tcalc - Perform arithmetic operations on table columns. tchcol - Change column name, print format, or units. tcheck - Check SDAS table element values tcheck - Check STSDAS table element values. tchsize - Change allocated sizes of various sections of a table. tchtype - Change table type (e.g. from column to row ordered). tconvert - Convert table format between Vax and Sun binary format tcopy - Copy tables. tcopy - Tape to tape copy routine. tcreate - Create a STSDAS table from an ASCII descriptor table. tcreate - Create an SDAS table from an ASCII file. tdelete - Delete tables. tdiffer - Form a table which is the difference of two tables. tdump - Dump the contents of a table to an ASCII file. tedit - Edit a table. tee - Tee the standard output into a file telluric - Remove telluric features from 1D spectra telnet - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) telnet to US - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) temden - Determine electron temperature or density from diagnostic ratio template - Tasks to create radial velocity templates [up] templates - I.3 A Quick View of IRAF (irafintro) templates - I.6 Tutorial #3 Handling Images (irafintro) testfunc - Generate analytic form test data (ASCII). testimx - Generate FOC test data images with RSDP-like headers. tevalfit - Evaluate a surface fit on positions in an ASCII file. tex - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) texpand - Expand tables according to a set of rules. text2mask - Convert text description to pixel mask tgausspars - Pset with parameters for two-dim Gaussian function. thistogram - Make a histogram of a column in a table. tiimage - Insert images into rows of a 3-D table. tilde commands - VII.B Using the UNIX Mailer (appendix) timcor - calculate ROSAT timing corrections ( SC/UT/BARYCENTER) time - Print the current time timeseries - Time series photometry data reduction and analysis. timfilter- write qpoe time interval filters to an ascii file timplot - strip plot of table format data timprint - display timing table data timsort - create a time-sorted qpoe file for timing analysis tinfo - Display table size information. tintegrate - Numerically integrate one column with respect to another. titable - Insert 2-D tables into rows of a 3-D table. tjoin - Perform a relational join of two tables. tlcol - List column information for a table. tlinear - Use linear regression to fit one or two table columns. tm2qp - convert telemetry data to a QPOE event file tmatch - Find closest match between rows in two tables tmerge - Either merge or append tables. tokens - Break a file up into a stream of tokens tomultispec - Create an OIF MULTISPEC file for data from FITS BINTABLEs. topolar - Convert real & imaginary parts to amplitude & phase. tp2s - convert tangent plane to spherical coordinates (s.p.) tp2v - convert tangent plane coordinates to direction cosines (s.p.) tprecess - Precess images, tables, or lists of coordinates. tprint - Print tables--both headers and data. tproduct - Form the Cartesian product of two tables. tproject - Create new table from selected columns in a table. tps2c - compute the spherical coordinates of the tangent point (s.p.) tpv2c - compute the direction cosines of the tangent point (s.p.) tquery - Create a new table from selected rows and columns in a table. transform - Transform longslit images to user coordinates translation files - V3.3 Setting Up the Translation File(2dfrutti) translit - Replace or delete specified characters in a file tread - Browse through a table. trebin - Resample a table to uniform spacing. trename - Rename table files trename - Rename tables. trim - Set all pixels outside the limb to 0.0 (use sqib for limb). tscopy - Copy row/column subsets of tables using selectors. tselect - Create a new table from selected rows of a table. tsleep - Delay process execution tsort - Sort a table. tstat - Get mean, standard deviation, min, and max for a column. ttranspose - Transpose or flip a table. tty - Device independent terminal control tupar - Edit table header parameters. tv - Image display utilities package tvimcontour - Load an image & overlay a contour map into the display window tvlabel - Display an image with WCS cursor readback in hh:mm:ss, dd:mm:ss tvmark - Mark objects on the image display tvproj - Display an image with x and y projections twobbpars - Pset with parameters for two-black-body function. twodpolyfit - Two dimensional polynomial fit of temperature and epoch. twodspec - Two dimensional spectral red & analysis package [up] twosampt - Determine if two sets of data are from the same population. txcalc - Do arithmetic on a list of apphot/daophot text databases txconcat - Concatenate a list of apphot/daophot text databases txdump - Dump selected fields from an apphot output file txdump - Print selected columns of a list of apphot/daophot text databases txdump - Select fields from the center task output text file tximage - Extract images from rows of 3-D tables. txrenumber - Renumber a list of apphot/daophot text databases txselect - Select records from a list of apphot/daophot text databases txsort - Sort a list of apphot/daophot text databases txtable - Extract 2-D tables from rows of 3-D tables. txtbin - Convert an IRAF text file to a binary file type - Type a text file on the standard output u_calib + Tasks for deriving the WFPC-2 instrument calibration. ucase - Convert a file to upper case uchcoord - Update plate scale, shift, and rotation of WFPC2 images. uchscale - Update plate scales of WFPC2 (and WFPC) images. ukwedit - Edit RSDP control keywords in the WFPC2 file header. unique - Delete redundant elements from a list unlearn - I.3 A Quick View of IRAF (irafintro) unlearn - Restore the default parameters for a task or package unload - I.3 A Quick View of IRAF (irafintro) unpcd - remove pincushion/barrel distortion from distorted coordinates unprotect - Remove delete protection from a file unstep - Consolidate several groups in an image into one group. untools - Unix commands from IRAF [up] unwrap - Remove effects of data wraparound on continuum scans. unwrap - Remove the 'wrap' from data that has exceeded the internal update - Update a task's parameters (flush to disk) upimgrdf - convert a list of IRAF image files to RDF compatible format upqpoerdf - convert a list of QPOE files to RDF compatible format upreffile - Update calibration reference files names in image headers urand - Uniform random number generator userpars - Pset with parameters for user-defined function. using_detect - describes the tasks available in the detect package using_spectral - for more information about the spectral package using_timcor - description of ROSAT timing correction tasks using_xplot - guide to plotting tasks available to display Xray data utc - ROSAT spacecraft clock to universal time data point description utilities - Miscellaneous utilities package v2tp - convert direction cosines to tangent plane coordinates (s.p.) vac2air - Convert wavelength scales from vacuum to air. vartst - non-parametric statistical tests for source variability vax2sun - Convert GEIS images from Vax to Sun binary format vdv - convert the scale production of two 3-vectors (s.p.) vecfea - Register using common features of vector data. velocity - Generate velocity maps from a cube velset - Set velocity by modifying starting wavelength velvect - Plot representation of a velocity field vi - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) vigcompute - Compute the HRS vignetting function. vigdata - apply vignetting correction to image data vigfit - Smooth HRS vignetting function. vigmodel - apply vignetting effect to an image model vla - Spectral image reduction for VLA data. vn - normalize a 3-vector and compute the modulus (s.p.) voltfac - Calculate high voltage factors. vops - Vector operators vtblink - Blink daily grams on the IIS to check for registration. vtel - NSO Solar vacuum telescope image reductions vtexamine - Examine a vacuum telescope tape, print headers and profile. vuespec - Interactive task for fitting model components to spectra vxv - compute the vector product of two 3-vectors (s.p.) wairmass - Compute weighted airmass wait - Wait for all background jobs to complete warmpix - Flag an/or correct hot pixels in WFPC2 images. warmup - Calculate dark signal as a function of warmup time. wavecal - Calibrate HRS wavelengths wavecal - Update science header with MSM offset value from wavecal. waveoff - Determine offset between calibrated wavelength and WAVE spectra. waveoffset - Compute wavelength offset between two spectra. wcardimage - Convert text files to cardimage files wcsbug - Logical/physical coordinate conversion incorrect wcscoords - use WCS to convert between IRAF coordinate systems (logical,physical) wcscopy - Copy the wcs from one image to another wcsctran - Transform coordinates from one iraf image wcs to another wcsedit - Edit an image wcs parameter wcslab - Overlay a displayed image with a world coordinate grid wcsmap - Compute geometric transforms using the image wcs wcsqpedit - Modify the WCS parameters in a QPOE file. wcsreset - Reset the specified image wcs wcsxymatch - Generate matched pixel lists using the image wcs wfits - Convert a list of IRAF images into FITS image data wfits - I.5 Tutorial #2 Reading and Writing Data to Tape (irafintro) wfits - VII.I Using the Computers at CTIO (appendix) wfixup - Interpolate over bad columns in a WF/PC frame. wfpc - Tasks for calibrating WFPC and WFPC-2 data. widstape - Convert ONEDSPEC spectra to IDSOUT text format wiener - Deconvolve a 2-dimensional image using a noniterative window - Adjust the contrast and dc offset of the current frame wmosaic - Mosaic the four WF/PC frames into one image. woffsets - Find the wavelength offsets using cross-correlation. words - Break a file up into a stream of words wphot - Measure magnitudes for a list of stars with weighting wregister - Register 1-D or 2-D images using the image wcs write - I.5 Tutorial #2 Reading and Writing Data to Tape (irafintro) write - Write a binary block of data to a file writetape - Cl script to write 5 full disk grams to tape. writevt - Write an IRAF image to tape in vacuum telescope format. writing - I.8 Common Problems: Their Cause and Cure (irafintro) wshift - Find wavelength offset from the spectral line template. wspectext - Convert 1D image spectra to ascii text spectra wstatistics - Compute & print WF/PC image pixel statistics. wtar - Write a TAR format archive file wtextimage - Convert an IRAF image to a text file x1d - Extract a collection of 1-D spectra from a calibrated 2-D x2d - Perform 2-D rectification of calibrated STIS images. xapropos - List all tasks related to a given subject xc - Compile and/or link a program xcor -- Redshift and velocity dispersion using the cross-correlation technique xcsao - Find redshifts and velocity dispersions xdataio - Tasks to convert data to/from FITS format xdimtogf - Convert a GEIS file with xtra dimension plus a table to GEIS xdimtogf - Convert a GEIS file with xtra dimension plus a table to GEIS. xdisplay - Load an Xray image into the display window xexamine - Examine a Qpoe using the image display and WCS coordinates xexamine_r - Examine a Qpoe using the image display and WCS coordinates xflux - Compute X-ray flux from models xhadd - add an X-ray history record to an image or qpoe xhdisp - display X-ray history records ximages - Additions to IRAF images package ximtool - Invoke SAOIMAGE for use with IRAF/XDISPLAY xobsolete - Tasks that will soon be removed from the system xplot - Plotting routines for XRAY data xpr2fits - convert HRC XPR data to a FITS file xpr2qp - convert HRC XPR data to a QPOE event file xproto - Crude tasks, currently under development xregister - Register 1-D or 2-D images using x-correlation techniques xrfits - read a fits file into IRAF IMAGE (imh) or TABLE (tab) format xspatial - X-ray spatial analysis package xspec_interface - for information on how to convert PROS spectral data xspec_interface- description of how to convert data into XSPEC xspectral - X-ray spectral analysis package xt_csum - Sum of image columns using column access procedure xt_csumb - Buffered sum of image columns using column access procedure xt_lsum - Sum of image lines xt_lsumb - Buffered sum of image lines for moving sums xtiming - X-ray timing analysis package xtoc - Complex to character xwfits - write a fits output file from IRAF IMAGE (imh) or TABLE (tab) xwhen - Post an exception handler xy2rd - Translate a 2-D image pixel coordinate to right ascension xy2xy - apply a computed linear model to a set of [x,y] xyacc - Build an SPP language parser xyeq - Get (ra,dec) from a table of (x,y) given the pltsol coeff. xyxymatch - Match pixel coordinate lists xyztable - Interpolate table values, writing results to a table. xyztoim - Interpolate table values, writing results to an image. y_calib - Tasks supporting the FOS calibration process. ybase - Compute Y-base for aperture centers. yd2p, yp2d - Convert between diode <--> pixel positions. yddintplot - Interactively examine dead diode locations. yfind - Find Y-deflections of HRS spectral orders. yfit - Compute Y-deflection calibration coefficients. ymkmu - Place wavelength information into headers. ypeakup - Analyse ACQ/PEAK observations. yratio - Take ratios between ACCUM observation bins. z_calib - Subpackage of tasks supporting the HRS calibration process. zd - convert hour angle and declination to zenith distance zerocombine - Combine and process mosaic zero level exposures zerocombine - Combine and process zero level images zeropt - Enter the zero point constants into a cube header zflatfield - Determine a flat field. zones - Determine electron temps & densities in 3-zone nebula zoom - Zoom in on the image (change magnification) zvel - Run emsao and xcsao on list of spectra zwavecal - Create new wavelength dispersion based on WAVE spectra.